{"id":9947,"date":"2023-03-07T15:14:34","date_gmt":"2023-03-07T20:14:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.djclegal.com\/?p=9947"},"modified":"2023-06-15T14:16:56","modified_gmt":"2023-06-15T19:16:56","slug":"actualites-juridiques-fevrier-2023","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.djclegal.com\/en\/actualites-juridiques-fevrier-2023\/","title":{"rendered":"February 2023"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"9947\" class=\"elementor elementor-9947 elementor-9920\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c033ce5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c033ce5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6cafe48\" data-id=\"6cafe48\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16bcd74 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"16bcd74\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>Written by Me <a href=\"https:\/\/www.djclegal.com\/notre-equipe\/pierre-alexis-bombardier\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pierre-Alexis Bombardier<\/a> et Me <a href=\"https:\/\/www.djclegal.com\/notre-equipe\/clement-lucas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cl\u00e9ment Lucas<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d0cec39 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"d0cec39\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1613f4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1613f4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canlii.org\/fr\/qc\/qcca\/doc\/2023\/2023qcca111\/2023qcca111.pdf\">Clinique m\u00e9dicale Symbiose inc. v. Syndicat Copropri\u00e9t\u00e9 du 5555 C\u00f4te-des-Neiges, \n2023 QCCA 111<\/a><\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93e0e00 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"93e0e00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>In a previous <a href=\"https:\/\/www.djclegal.com\/actualites-juridiques-septembre-2022\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">legal news item<\/a>, we discussed a decision rendered by the Court of Appeal which had allowed an appeal of a decision of the Court of Quebec that retained the personal liability of two directors, arguing, as a defence, that they had acted within the scope of their mandate and had not committed any fault distinct from that of the legal person of the Syndicate.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3692c0d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3692c0d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>These are the same principles that the Court of Appeal once again applied in matters of co-ownership.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93385b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"93385b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>The Court of Appeal states that it is well established that the director is the mandatary of the legal person. Pursuant to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.canlii.org\/fr\/qc\/legis\/lois\/rlrq-c-ccq-1991\/derniere\/rlrq-c-ccq-1991.html#art321_smooth\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">article 321 C.C.Q.<\/a>, he must, &#8221; <i>in<\/i><i>\u00a0the performance of his duties, conform to the obligations imposed on him by law, the constituting act or the by-laws and he shall act within the limits of the powers conferred on him<\/i>.&#8221;.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-03a291b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"03a291b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>The personal liability of a director can only be retained in the event of a contravention of the duties imposed by law and if a prejudice is caused to the syndicate or the co-owners. The fault of the director must be distinct from that of the Syndicate. In order to be retained, it must be committed &#8220;<i>in a personal capacity or outside of [his] usual duties as a director<\/i>&#8220;.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-38c4d3c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"38c4d3c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>Directors are personally liable in cases of dishonesty or bad faith. When they act within their mandate, they do so for the community of co-owners. Thus, one cannot seek the personal liability of the directors by accusing them of the same actions as the Syndicate. A distinct fault must be alleged.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a223a3f elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"a223a3f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d0956b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d0956b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canlii.org\/fr\/qc\/qccq\/doc\/2023\/2023qccq90\/2023qccq90.pdf\">Cherif v. Association des propri\u00e9taires du Lowney 1, 2023 QCCQ 90 <\/a><\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc33366 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc33366\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>This decision of the Court of Quebec rendered on January 11, 2023, regarding the division of small claims, parallels a judgment of the <i>Commission d&#8217;acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l&#8217;information du Qu\u00e9bec<\/i> (&#8220;<b>Commission<\/b>&#8220;) rendered in 2020 <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/A7A6536D-A0E3-4AF0-A64A-93682F21F1F4#_ftn1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a><\/span> in the same dispute.<\/p><p>At the time, we <a href=\"https:\/\/www.editionsyvonblais.com\/blogue\/pierre-alexis-bombardier-et-annie-madigan\/la-videosurveillance-en-copropriete-divise-et-le-respect-de-la-vie-privee-vus-par-la-commission-dacces-a-linformation-du-quebec-decision-emlowney-iiem-677\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">commented<\/a> on said decision, which dealt with surveillance cameras in divided co-ownership and their impact on the privacy of co-owners. The Commission received a complaint from the applicant, Yacine Cherif, (&#8220;<b>Mr. Cherif<\/b>&#8220;) and conducted an investigation.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-b9ca75b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b9ca75b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-db732c4\" data-id=\"db732c4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cabf40d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"cabf40d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/www.djclegal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/cameras-de-surveillance-copropriete.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-9925\" alt=\"cam\u00e9ras de surveillance copropri\u00e9t\u00e9\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.djclegal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/cameras-de-surveillance-copropriete.png 500w, https:\/\/www.djclegal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/cameras-de-surveillance-copropriete-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.djclegal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/cameras-de-surveillance-copropriete-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-67356ce\" data-id=\"67356ce\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7174063 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7174063\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<div><p>It was concluded that the surveillance cameras directed at the roof covering the pool, deck and urban chalet of the building administered by the Lowney 1 Homeowners&#8217; Association (&#8220;<b>Syndicate<\/b>&#8220;) were &#8220;<i>not in compliance with the provisions of the Privacy Act by continuously collecting the personal information of residents and their guests who are on the deck through a surveillance camera<\/i>&#8220;. The Commission ordered the Syndicate to reposition the camera so that it was not continuously filming people on the terrace (only).<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-030ae44 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"030ae44\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>Not sparing any recourse against his Syndicate, Mr. Cherif had also filed a claim for moral and punitive damages alleging an intentional and illicit violation of his privacy. This is the subject of the present judgment. Mr. Cherif, after having smoked with his guests in the urban chalet of his co-ownership, receives a fine of $350 from the Syndicate. Following receipt of the penalty in question, he contests the fine received and accuses the Syndicate of having viewed, without right, the recordings of the surveillance cameras in order to find the offender(s) to the co-ownership By-law (cigarette butts having been found in the urban chalet).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fad3e5c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fad3e5c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>In order to take a stance, the Court recalls that it was not bound by the decision made by the Commission. It considers that there is no expectation of privacy in a common area such as the urban chalet which is a public place (subject to the gaze of all co-owners and neighbors) as important as in a private area.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a38eed elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4a38eed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>It emphasizes that the Syndicate, having the duty to ensure the conservation and security of the common portions (1039 C.c.Q.), is justified in viewing the recordings in order to ensure that the regulations are respected. &#8220;<i>The Tribunal concludes that what the plaintiff qualified as an infringement against him is minimal and is justified in the context<\/i><i>\u201d<\/i>. Consequently, the Tribunal, as a whole, rejects the claim of the plaintiff.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0213216 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0213216\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>This decision calls into question the Commission\u2019s assertion that a common area is an extension of a private area (thereby creating an expectation of privacy). What does this mean?<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c8f8bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8c8f8bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>Without taking a position on the two above-mentioned judgments (and their particular circumstances), it seems to us that the common areas of a co-ownership are indeed an extension of the private units that constitute it. In the same way that an expectation of privacy exists for a homeowner enjoying the backyard of his or her house, the co-owner also expects to enjoy a certain privacy when he or she takes advantage of the facilities of the building outside of his or her unit, especially the common areas for his or her own restricted use. This privacy must, however, be subject to the limitations of co-ownership.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b90a1fb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b90a1fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>The particular modality of ownership constituted by divided co-ownership limits the traditional property rights of each divided owner. The rights of the divided owners must, in certain cases, give way to those of the community, represented by the Syndicate <a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/F1DBEBB4-D8D8-4F98-B467-3FBD54574552#_ftn1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[2]<\/a>. The purpose of the Syndicate includes taking out insurance coverage <a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/F1DBEBB4-D8D8-4F98-B467-3FBD54574552#_ftn2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[3]<\/a>\u00a0and ensuring the protection of persons and property <a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/F1DBEBB4-D8D8-4F98-B467-3FBD54574552#_ftn3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" name=\"_ftnref3\">[4]<\/a>, particularly against the risk of fire.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1303013 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1303013\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>According to its article 1, the <i>Act respecting the protection of personal information in the private sector<\/i> (&#8220;<b><i>Private Sector Act<\/i><\/b>&#8220;) is a declension of articles 35 to 40 C.C.Q. to private enterprises. Privacy may be infringed when authorized by law <a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/11AE31BC-414A-493F-A89D-FA8139DEBB99#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[5]<\/a>. In this case, the Tribunal considered that this infringement was minimal and based on the very purpose of the Syndicate, as defined in article 1039 C.C.Q.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36fcec9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"36fcec9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-689395f elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"689395f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-85148c7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"85148c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/A7A6536D-A0E3-4AF0-A64A-93682F21F1F4#_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a>\u00a0<em>Association des copropri\u00e9taires du Lowney\u00a0II<\/em>, 1016883-S, 19\u00a0octobre 2020 (<a href=\"https:\/\/decisions.cai.gouv.qc.ca\/cai\/ss\/fr\/488671\/1\/document.do\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Commission d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019information du Qu\u00e9bec<\/a>). \u00a0<\/p><div><span lang=\"FR\"><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/F1DBEBB4-D8D8-4F98-B467-3FBD54574552#_ftn1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[2]<\/a><\/span> <i><span lang=\"FR\">Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 d&#8217;habitation et de d\u00e9veloppement de Montr\u00e9al <span lang=\"FR\" style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">c.\u00a0Bergeron, <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/canlii.ca\/t\/1ngfg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1996 QCCA 5767<\/a><\/span><\/i><\/div><p style=\"caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; text-align: start;\"><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/F1DBEBB4-D8D8-4F98-B467-3FBD54574552#_ftnref2\">[3]<\/a>\u00a0Art. 1073 C.c.Q.<\/p><p style=\"caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; text-align: start;\"><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/F1DBEBB4-D8D8-4F98-B467-3FBD54574552#_ftnref3\">[4]<\/a>\u00a0<em>Desfoss\u00e9s<\/em>\u00a0c.\u00a0<em>Syndicat des copropri\u00e9taires les Jardins du Havre<\/em>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.canlii.org\/fr\/qc\/qccq\/doc\/2021\/2021qccq8550\/2021qccq8550.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2021 QCCQ 8550<\/a>.<\/p><p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/11AE31BC-414A-493F-A89D-FA8139DEBB99#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[5]<\/a> Art. 35 C.c.Q.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In the first decision, we examine the personal liability of a member of the board for dishonesty or bad faith. The second deals with expectation of privacy and surveillance cameras.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":11018,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[131],"tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>February 2023 - DJC Legal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Every month, read two court decisions in dispute in order to stay up to date with the latest news in co-ownership law.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.djclegal.com\/en\/actualites-juridiques-fevrier-2023\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"February 2023 - DJC Legal\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Every month, read two court decisions in dispute in order to stay up to date with the latest news in co-ownership law.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.djclegal.com\/en\/actualites-juridiques-fevrier-2023\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"DJC Legal\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-03-07T20:14:34+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-06-15T19:16:56+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.djclegal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/cameras-de-surveillance-et-responsabilite-des-administrateurs-1-1024x358.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"358\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"djc-admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"djc-admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.djclegal.com\/en\/actualites-juridiques-fevrier-2023\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.djclegal.com\/en\/actualites-juridiques-fevrier-2023\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"djc-admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.djclegal.com\/#\/schema\/person\/d0635f92e8caf26463f85e0945498fa6\"},\"headline\":\"February 2023\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-03-07T20:14:34+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-06-15T19:16:56+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.djclegal.com\/en\/actualites-juridiques-fevrier-2023\/\"},\"wordCount\":1003,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.djclegal.com\/#organization\"},\"articleSection\":[\"legal news\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.djclegal.com\/en\/actualites-juridiques-fevrier-2023\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.djclegal.com\/en\/actualites-juridiques-fevrier-2023\/\",\"name\":\"February 2023 - 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